A

Amigdala: Part of the limbic system that connects odors with emotions, such as fear, pleasure or nostalgia.
Cyclic AMP: Mellecula menajera produced by adenylate cyclase in response to the activation of protein G. Open ionic channels in the cell membrane.

B

olfactory bulb: Brain structure that receives and processes the olfactory signals. It contains glomérules where the receiving cell signals converge with the same type of receptor.

C

Ionic channels: Proteins in the cell membrane that allow the entry of ions such as sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca ²), generating a potential for action.
Nasal cavity: Structure in the nose that filters, heats and humidifies the inhaled air, allowing odoriferous molecules to reach the olfactory epithelium.
Base cells: Mother cells in the olfactory epithelium that allow the regeneration of olfactory receiving cells every 30-60 days.
Brake cells: The olfactory epithelium cells provide structural and metabolic support to olfactory receiving cells.
olfactory receiving cells: Specialized neurons that detect odoriferous molecules. They have cilia containing olfactory receptors.
Cílios: Microscopic extensions of olfactory receiving cells where olfactory receptors are located.
Encorrinal cortex: A brain area that acts as an interface between the hippocampus and the olfactory cortex, facilitating the formation of associative memories.
Isolar cord: A brain region that processes the conscious perception of odors and integrates them with interoception (perception of the inner state of the body).
Primary olfactory cord (pyriform): Region of the brain located in the temporal lobe that processes basic olfactory information, such as identification and discrimination of odors.
Orbitofrontal cord: Brain area in the frontal lobe that integrates olfactory information with other senses and evaluates the emotional value of odors.

E

Epithelium olfactory: Specialized tissue located at the top of the nasal cavity containing olfactory receiving cells, bra cells, basal cells and Bowman glands.

G

Baseline ranges: Set of brain nuclei involved in the integration of olfactory information with motor and behavioral responses.
Cingulated turn: Part of the limbic system that processes emotional and motivational information related to odors.
Bowman's glands: Glands in the olfactory epithelium that secrete mucus, which dissolves odoriferous molecules and facilitates their interaction with the receptors.
Glomérulos: Structures in the olfactory bulb where the signals of similar receiving cells are grouped and processed.

H

Hypocampus: Structure of the limbic system that links odors to memory, allowing odors to evoke specific memories.
Hypotálamo: A brain region that regulates physiological and hormonal responses related to odors, such as appetite or satiety.

M

olfactory mucus: A substance secreted by Bowman's glands that covers the olfactory epithelium and dissolves odoriferous molecules.
Molecula odorifera (odorant): A volatile chemical compound that disperses into the air and is able to stimulate the olfactory system. It must be soluble in water and lipid to interact with olfactory receptors.

N

olfactory nerve (cranial pair I): Set of axons of olfactory receiving cells that transmit signals to the olfactory bulb.

P

olfactory perception: Brain process that interprets the olfactory signals and makes them the conscious experience of a smell.
Action potential: Electric signal that spreads along the axon of the olfactory receiving cell towards the olfactory bulb.
Protein G: Proteína que se activa cuando un odorante se une a un receptor olfativo. Inicia la cascada de señalización intracelular.

R

Receptores olfativos: Proteínas G acopladas a receptores (GPCRs) ubicadas en los cilios de las células receptoras. Se unen a moléculas odoríferas específicas para iniciar la transducción de señales.

S

Sistema límbico: Conjunto de estructuras cerebrales (amígdala, hipocampo, giro cingulado, etc.) que procesan emociones, memoria y respuestas conductuales relacionadas con los olores.

T

Tálamo: Estructura central del cerebro que modula la información sensorial, incluyendo la olfativa, y la integra con otros sentidos.
Transducción de señales: Proceso por el cual la unión de una molécula odorífera a un receptor olfativo genera una señal eléctrica que se transmite al cerebro.